NEBOSH

NEBOSH Kya Hai?
NEBOSH ایک انٹرنیشنل لیول کا سیفٹی کورس ہے۔

NEBOSH is an international level safety course.

Its aim is to provide those who want to become safety officers HSE inspectors or managers in factories construction oil and gas or any company with the right safety knowledge and certification.

It is a UK institution but has value all over the world.

📚 NEBOSH IGC (International General Certificate) Structure
There are several NEBOSH courses, but the most popular is NEBOSH IGC.
It used to have three units, but now there is a new system (after 2020) in which there are 2 parts:

1. IG1 – Management of Health and Safety
   This is a theory paper. It has 4 elements (chapters):

• Why we should manage workplace health and safety
• How health and safety management systems work and what they look like
• Managing risk – understanding people and processes

Health and safety monitoring and measuring

2. IG2 – Risk Assessment (Practical Paper)
   This is a practical paper. In it, you have to write a risk assessment report of your company/workplace.
   The steps are:

• Identify the hazards (e.g. fire, electricity, chemicals, working at heights, etc.).
• Who is likely to be affected by each hazard?
• What are the current controls and what further controls can be proposed?
• A complete report has to be prepared and submitted.

🎓 NEBOSH IGC Complete Lecture Notes (Step by Step)

🔹 Lecture 1: Introduction to Health & Safety

Health = جسمانی، ذہنی اور سوشل فلاح
Safety = خطرات سے بچاؤ
Workplace پر سیفٹی کیوں ضروری ہے؟
Workers
Company
Legal requirement
Example: fire system =workers + company

🔹 Lecture 2: Why Manage Health & Safety (IG1 – Element 1)

• Companies کو HSE manage کرنے کے 3 بڑے فائدے:
  
  1. Moral reason → انسانوں کی جان بچانا اخلاقی ذمہ داری ہے
     
  2. Legal reason → قانون کے مطابق حادثے پر سزا یا جرمانہ ہو سکتا ہے
     
  3. Financial reason → Accident = نقصان (equipment break, worker sick leave, insurance claim)
     
• مثال: ایک worker کو injury ہو → company کو hospital bill + production loss + reputation damage
  

🔹 Lecture 3: Health & Safety Management System (IG1 – Element 2)

• HSE management system = Plan – Do – Check – Act cycle
  

1. Plan → Policy بناؤ، risks identify کرو
   
2. Do → Training, supervision, PPE provide کرو
   
3. Check → Audit & inspection کرو
   
4. Act → جو غلطیاں ملیں، انہیں ٹھیک کرو
   

Example: Fire drill ہر 6 مہینے بعد → check کرو کہ سب لوگ صحیح طریقے سے نکلے یا نہیں

🔹 Lecture 4: Risk Assessment (IG1 – Element 3)

• Risk = Probability × Consequence
  
• Steps of Risk Assessment:
  
  1. Hazards identify کرو (Fire, Electricity, Chemicals, Working at height)
     
  2. کون لوگ متاثر ہوں گے؟ (Workers, Visitors, Contractors)
     
  3. Controls دیکھو (Fire extinguisher, PPE, Training)
     
  4. Additional controls لکھو (Automatic fire alarm, Safety signs)
     
• Hierarchy of Control:
  
  1. Elimination (Hazard ختم کر دو)
     
  2. Substitution (Safe alternative استعمال کرو)
     
  3. Engineering Control (Machine guard لگاؤ)
     
  4. Administrative Control (Training, procedures)
     
  5. PPE (Helmet, Gloves, Mask) → last option

🔹 Lecture 5: Monitoring & Review (IG1 – Element 4)

• Safety کو maintain کرنے کے لیے regular monitoring ضروری ہے:
  
  • Active monitoring → Inspections, Safety tours
    
  • Reactive monitoring → Accident reports, Near misses
    
• Accident Investigation:
  
  • What happened?
    
  • Why happened? (Root cause)
    
  • Future میں کیسے روکیں؟
    
• Example: Worker slip ہوا → cause: water on floor → solution: proper housekeeping

🔹 Lecture 6: Common Hazards (IG2 – Practical)

1. Fire Hazard → Flammable materials, smoking → Controls: Fire alarm, extinguisher
   
2. Electrical Hazard → Loose wires, overload → Controls: Proper wiring, ELCB
   
3. Chemical Hazard → Toxic gases, acids → Controls: Ventilation, PPE, MSDS
   
4. Work at Height → Fall from ladder → Controls: Harness, guardrails
   
5. Manual Handling → Back injury → Controls: Training, trolley
   
6. Noise & Vibration → Hearing loss → Controls: Ear protection

🔹 Lecture 7: Emergency Procedures

• Emergency plan must include:
  
  • Alarm system
    
  • Evacuation routes
    
  • Assembly point
    
  • First aid team
    
  • Fire drill practice

Lecture 8: Practical Risk Assessment Report (IG2)

• آپ کو exam میں ایک workplace select کرنا ہے
  
• وہاں سے hazards note کرو (کم از کم 10 سے 15)
  
• ہر hazard کے ساتھ لکھو:
  
  • کون متاثر ہوگا؟
    
  • Existing control کیا ہے؟
    
  • Additional control کیا ہونا چاہیے؟
    
• آخر میں ایک conclusion لکھنا ہے → کیوں یہ controls important ہیں؟

📘 NEBOSH IGC – Exam Focused Notes

🔹 Lecture 1: Introduction to Health & Safety

Important Points (Exam Focused):

• Health = جسمانی، ذہنی اور سماجی فلاح
  
• Safety = خطرات سے بچاؤ
  
• کیوں ضروری؟ Moral, Legal, Financial reasons
  

Sample Question:
❓ “Workplace پر safety manage کرنا کیوں ضروری ہے؟”
✅ Sample Answer:

• Moral → انسانوں کی جان بچتی ہے
  
• Legal → قوانین اور penalties سے بچاؤ
  
• Financial → Accident سے نقصان کم ہوتا ہے

🔹 Lecture 2: Health & Safety Management System (Plan–Do–Check–Act)

Exam Notes:

1. Plan → Policy, Risk assessment
   
2. Do → Training, PPE, procedures
   
3. Check → Inspections, monitoring
   
4. Act → Improvements
   

Sample Question:
❓ “Explain PDCA cycle in HSE management.”
✅ Answer:

• Plan: Risk identify
  
• Do: Controls apply
  
• Check: Audit, inspection
  

Act: Corrective action

🔹 Lecture 3: Risk Assessment

Steps (Exam Notes):

1. Identify hazards
   
2. Who might be harmed?
   
3. Evaluate controls
   
4. Recommend new controls
   
5. Review
   

Hierarchy of Control (Exam Favorite):

1. Elimination
   
2. Substitution
   
3. Engineering
   
4. Administrative
   
5. PPE
   

Sample Question:
❓ “What are 5 steps of risk assessment?”
✅ Answer: Hazard → People → Evaluate → Record → Review

🔹 Lecture 4: Monitoring & Review

Exam Notes:

• Active monitoring = Inspections, tours
  
• Reactive monitoring = Accident reports, near miss
  
• Accident investigation = Identify cause + prevent recurrence
  

Sample Question:
❓ “Difference between active and reactive monitoring?”
✅ Answer:

• Active → Check before accidents (inspection)
  
• Reactive → Check after accidents (incident report)

🔹 Lecture 5: Common Hazards (High Probability in Exam)

1. Fire → Flammable materials, smoking
   
   • Controls: Extinguisher, alarm
     
2. Electricity → Loose wires, overload
   
   • Controls: Proper wiring, ELCB
     
3. Chemicals → Toxic, corrosive
   
   • Controls: PPE, MSDS, ventilation
     
4. Work at Height → Fall
   
   • Controls: Harness, guardrails
     
5. Manual Handling → Back injury
   
   • Controls: Training, lifting aids
     
6. Noise → Hearing loss
   
   • Controls: Ear plugs, job rotation
     

Sample Question:
❓ “Suggest controls for working at height.”
✅ Answer: Harness, guardrails, training, supervision, safe ladders

🔹 Lecture 6: Emergency Procedures

Exam Notes:

• Alarm system
  
• Evacuation plan
  
• Assembly point
  
• First aid team
  
• Fire drill practice
  

Sample Question:
❓ “What should an emergency plan include?”
✅ Answer: Alarm → Evacuation → Assembly → First aid → Drill

🔹 Lecture 7: IG2 Practical (Risk Assessment Report)

Report Format:

• Introduction (workplace details)
  
• Hazards identified (10–15 hazards)
  
• Who may be harmed?
  
• Current controls
  
• Additional controls
  
• Action plan
  
• Conclusion
  

Sample Question (Practical):
❓ “Write one hazard for electrical system and controls.”
✅ Answer:

• Hazard: Loose wiring = shock/fire
  
• Current control: Circuit breaker
  
• Additional control: ELCB, regular inspection, training

📘 Scenario-Based Case Studies.

🏗 Scenario 1: Construction Site
Workers without helmets & harness on scaffolding, debris on ground, poor housekeeping, smoking on site.
Q1: Identify 4 hazards?
Falling from height

Head injury (no helmet)

Trip hazard (debris)

Fire risk (smoking)

Q2: Controls?
Harness + guardrails

Helmet + PPE

Good housekeeping

No smoking policy

Q3: Why risk assessment important?
Prevent accidents

Comply with law

Protect workers

Reduce costs

🏭 Scenario 2: Factory (Chemical Hazard)
Workers handling acid without gloves/goggles, no labels on containers, poor ventilation, worker coughing.
Q1: Hazards?
Chemical burns

Eye injury

Toxic inhalation

Wrong use (no labels)

Q2: Controls?
PPE (gloves, goggles, apron)

Proper ventilation

Labeling system (MSDS)

Training

Q3: Emergency arrangements?
Eyewash station

First aid team

Spill kit

Evacuation plan

🚧 Scenario 3: Road Worksite
Night work, no reflective jackets, no traffic diversion, vehicles at high speed.
Q1: Risks?
Hit by vehicles

Poor visibility

Fatigue at night

Q2: Controls?
Reflective jackets

Traffic cones & speed limits

Proper lighting

Barriers

Q3: Monitoring?
Active monitoring (inspections)

Reactive monitoring (incident reporting)

🏢 Scenario 4: Office Environment
Broken alarm, expired extinguishers, blocked exits, no fire drill in 2 years.
Q1: Hazards?
No fire alarm

Expired extinguishers

Blocked emergency exits

No training/fire drills

Q2: Controls?
Repair fire alarm

Replace extinguishers

Keep exits clear

Conduct regular fire drills

Q3: Why emergency planning important?
Save lives

Reduce panic

Legal compliance

Quick evacuation